そういえば、たしか周公の周王への政権返上が"大政奉還"ですよね。

Tuesday, 13 August 2013

age of survival of the fittest

Toyotomi Hideyoshi was said to have come from a poor farming family.

He was born in Owari (present-day western Aichi Prefecture)、central region of Japan on the Pacific side

Of course trend of this times was "the tail wagging the dog(下克上・Gekokujou)".

※the period characterized by inferiors [those below] overthrowing their superiors [those above]. from weblio辞書

But there was a limit to there as a fate that the feudal era.

Differences in lineage and birth status naturally existed.

If he had been born in another region、he might have been in poverty for a lifetime.

Gekokujō

Oda Nobunaga

・・・・・・・・・

Around 1050 BC、the Zhou dynasty was born in China、and the first king of Zhou gave fiefdoms to his distinguished vassals.

About 300 years later、the power of the Zhou royal family gradually weakened.

In inverse proportion to that、the power of each lord began to grow.

However、the Zhou royal family was still respected by the lords of various places as an authority.

The battle between lords was, simply put, to decide who was the most influential lord among Zhou's vassals at the time.

Around 500 BC、however、the situation began to change、and the authority of the Zhou dynasty began to be ignored by the feudal lords.

And the battle between the feudal lords became a war to expand their territory.

Age of survival of the fittest、Confucius lived in such a time of change.

・・・・・・・・・

Near the center of the Zhou dynasty、there was a great power called "Jin". (晋・Sin)

Of course Jin had been reckoned from another lords as a major power.

However、three influential vassals of Jin gradually increased their influence within Jin.

Han、Wei、Zhao. (韓・Kan、魏・Gi、趙・Chou)

Around 400 BC、Jin was split into three countries at last.

Civil war that occurred in Japan in 1467 AD called "Ōnin-no-ran". (応仁の乱).

The situation over the next 100 years (on the Japanese side) may have been similar to this.

※If you are interested it、find out it yourself and judge it for yourself(lol).

Ōnin War

Wednesday, 14 August 2013

protection

※Ｉ think the following sentence is more ambiguous than usual.

At that time、Japan was divided into several states as a unit of administrative (establishment of this division was era of the dynasty).

And during the samurai regime that replaced the aristocrats of Kyoto、there were lords who were appointed Shogun and called "Shugo". (守護)

Rough literal translation of "Shugo" is "protection (protect guard)".

※Strictly speaking、this may not be the case、but in modern Japan、this noun is composed of two Chinese characters that have similar meanings.

・・・・・・・・・

Incidentally、these compartments、it’s called "Kuni". (国)

For example、”Hizen-no-kuni”、”Suō-no-kuni” etc. (肥前の国)（周防の国）　

Literal translation of "Kuni" is ”Country”"Nation""Land""State".

State is called "Shū" at Japan. (州)

"A block" that many countries gathered、although its popular name is not constant、Japanese at that time called it as shū.

For example、”Kan hasshū”. (関八州)

Literal translation of Kan hasshū is "eight states of Kantō".

Kantō is Kantō region(including present-day Tokyo)、at that time the countries (kuni) of eight was present in the Kantō region.

"The Kyushū island" of the western edge of Japan. (九州島)　

Literal translation of ”Kyushū” is ”Nine states”.

Of course nine countries existed in the Kyushū island.

By the way、they don't match the current prefectural divisions.

Therefore、the name Kan hasshū is not currently used as a daily term.

However、Kyushu、including Okinawa、is used as a large regional name (as an image、it is the archipelago area at the western end of Japan).

※It may not be appropriate to translate this case's "Shū" as "State".

In other words、"shū" and "kuni" are used properly by convention.

Texas no kuni、Colorado no kuni.

Western US shū (state).

Is it like this?

These words are originally Chinese words and their usage conforms to it.

Of course、I think there are parts that have changed according to the situation in Japan.

Ｈowever "国" is a Chinese characters、but probably "kuni" is a pronunciation originated in Japan (the probably old Chinese pronunciation -koku- is also used normally).※

※Although the two sounds similar、come to think of it、Shiba san tried to write "土・tuchi (Earth:Soil:The Ground)" and read it as "kuni". 2022112813:29 (japan time).

※"No、the country is usually expressed as Shū."

Without fear of misunderstanding、in Japan (especially pre-modern)、it often seems that the Chinese language style is used when expressing in male style.

紀州・Kishū (This is still commonly used.)、薩州・Sasshū、土州・Doshū.

紀の国 Ki no kuni、薩摩の国・Satsuma no kuni、土佐の国 Tosa no kuni。

Of course there is also Chōshū、but for example、if we consider Sasshū to be Satsuma Domain、it becomes a block.

※The Satsuma Domain in the Edo period did not consist only of the Satsuma no kuni. 2022112813:42 (japan time).

Doshū is present Kōchi Prefecture(高知県)、Kishū is present Wakayama Prefecture(和歌山県)、I think its area almost matches "kuni" at that time.

Without fear of misunderstanding(lol)、Kishū、there may be "goodness of the sound of words" there.

Surprise attack(奇襲)、by the way this pronunciation is also "Kishū" in Japanese (stop thinking of Pearl Harbor・lol).※

※By the way absorption(吸収)、a raid(急襲)、old practice(旧習).

Modern Japanese pronunciation of these Chinese characters is "Kyushū"(lol).

However there may be accent differences in these formal pronunciations.

I do not understand well now.※

・・・・・・・・・　