(笑)をつけるとこじゃないだろうけど、そうなの？
Wednesday, 1 May 2013
decreased
Before the unification of Japan by the Tokugawa Shogunate、Japan was in the Warring States period.
There were big and small (and different times)、but many independent feudal lords ruled all over Japan.
The economic activity of Japan as a whole was greatly hindered by it.
After the Tokugawa’s Japan unification、it was made possible.
Nationwide economic network went developed gradually.
Economic center cities had been developed one after another.
This representative city was(is) the Osaka city.
At first、crops in Japan were collected to the Osaka city.
And that price had determine.
As a natural consequence、large merchants appeared in the Osaka city.
※Of course、also before that、there were merchants who had gained huge、for example、by foreign trade.
They set up branches in throughout Japan.
(Some of them were in charge of the rice sale of that land.)
Lords began to borrow the money from them for the shortage of financial.
They also borrowed money for that repayment.
Of course、it became precarious day-to-day management.
・・・・・・・・・
"We have to repay this debt."
Initially、lords tried to increase the tax revenue by up of the tax rate.
(Increase the amount of crop to be housed in the national treasury.)
At the same time、they demanded to pay cash for various reasons against the people under one's dominion.
As result、certain period of time、tax revenue increased.
But farmers had been impoverished as a corollary.
Farmers was initially self-sufficiency.
Money economy came in there gradually.
Farmers also borrowed the money.
And they also borrowed money for that repayment.
Those who took over their debts、of course、did not exist.
Finally they had to fled from their hometown.
Edo、Osaka.
Ｈuge city to act as a receptacle for them had already been established.
Farmers had decreased、so rice yields had decreased.
So tax revenue had decreased、so borrowed the money.
And great famine occurred.
Thursday, 2 May 2013
taxation
Soma is located to about 40 km south of the Sendai city.
According to the work of Tomita Takayoshi of Soma samurai.
The beginning of the decisive financial difficulties of the Soma clan、it's 150 years ago from this era.
It has been a century since the Tokugawa Shogunate was established.
Of course、like other clan、overhead expenses had been pressure on the finances of Soma clan.
They decided to run a land surveying as its breakthrough.
At that time、yields of rice of Soma clan、it was 60,000 goku nominally.
・・・・・・・・・
Taxation to farmers had been determined by this number.
(rice amount that pay to lords.)
※Maybe it means "based on previous farmland survey figures". 20220317.
However、territory of the vassals were also included in this number.
Although vassals had to conform to policy of their clan、they were allowed the autonomy in their territory.
Therefore、the number after deducting their territory.
Taxation was run using these numbers as a basis.
And sales profit of its rice (as tax).
This was the state budget of them.
※I don't understand this well(lol).
Taxes on the land owned by each farmer.
I think it was all over the world at the time、but some percentage of the harvest of the land was tax.
So the "rating" of that land was important.
It seems that the tax rate under the direct control of the Tokugawa Shogunate was lower than that of other lords.※
Rounded to the nearest、it was a miniature version of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Japan was the territory of the lords.
The Tokugawa was lord of lords.
Lords were Tokugawa vassals.
※"Tokugawa is not the King of Japan、Tokugawa is just the leader of the Union of Lords."
It is the end of the Edo period that this "real" comes up.※
And although lords had to conform to policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate、they were allowed the autonomy in their territory.
So Tokugawa managed a nation by tax revenue of the territory of their own.
Of course the Tokugawa Shogunate requested to cooperate to lords.
Lords were assigned to public works depending on their's rice yields (status).
(Initially particularly、there was also the sense that dampen the economic strength of lords.)
・・・・・・・・・
Lords also requested to cooperate to his vassals depending on their's family status.
For example、lords borrowed the part of vassal's harvest rice and sold it.
It was de facto donation.
Such a request became routinely.
Financial of vassals were also became naturally severely
Above all、its base was always farmers.
After all、all difficulties were passed on to farmers.
で、あのですね、今、三木谷浩史さんの『成功のコンセプト』を読んでますが、その中に。
"僕は、失敗には消極的失敗と積極的失敗の２つがあると思っている。
消極的な失敗とは不作為による失敗、つまり何かをすべきなのに何もしないことがもたらす失敗だ。"
"その反対に何かにチャレンジしてその結果が失敗に終わることを、僕は積極的失敗と呼びたい。
この積極的失敗と、消極的失敗には天と地ほどの差がある。
ビジネスに取り組む人間は、積極的失敗はむしろ歓迎すべきだ。もちろん失敗しないに越したことはないけれど、少なくともそこから学ぶことができる。学んだことをビジネスに生かすことができるなら、それは失敗とすら呼べない。"
腐った皮肉をぶつけるのはお門違い(表現の自由もいいもんだけど、必ず処刑する)。
え〜あのですね、次回、新田次郎さんの八甲田山、陳さんの歴史エッセイ、三木谷さんの、と、予定を組んでいるので一応(笑)。
で、これはやっぱり。
あんまり曖昧すぎるのもあれだな、大阪ナオミ(だっけ？ゴミ処刑)、アレを見るたびに、"パブリックエネミー"とパブリックエナミーさんがおれの中で(笑)、以下同文。
ゴミはここには絶対に混じれん、安心して死ね。
映像の20世紀 ｢広島県｣
で、何かと先走ってますが。
ノーベル［生］1833.10.21.ストックホルム ［没］1896.12.10.イタリア、サンレモ（ブリタニカ国際大百科事典より）
これだけ判断で、ノーベルさんはおれとなんとなくご縁がありそうですが。
下々のことにはあまり口出しはしたくない私ですが、ノーベル賞も、英国王室も、皇室も、ゴミが絡むと、あっちゅうまに下品になるね（ごめんなさい）。
簒奪算段。
吉本新喜劇ってみた瞬間に殺意が湧くね。これ不思議。
反省、自省は求めんよ。無理だろ劣等人種にそんな高尚なことは。
はいはい。
コイツラの無修正、整形前とかも、むちゃくちゃあるけど。取り放題。
You are already dead.
だから、日付が大切なのかな（髪型とか・笑）？
あのですね、高橋さんと佐久間さんの対談も、後、だと、話が早いのですが(寝言は寝て言ってください、で、話をすすめます・笑)。
コスタリカ and たしか人を書いた後にサッチャーさんのことをお聞きしたような。
これは上野の西郷隆盛さん像を造った高村光雲さんの思い出話ですが、当時上野近辺に住んでいた、お父さんの知り合いの仏師のお嫁さんがご近所さん達に凄く嫌われてて、"戦争が始まる"てのを教えてもらえなくて、銃弾が付近をとび交うようになって(光雲少年が知らせにきて)初めて周囲が皆避難してることに気づいたと。今となっては、そのままでは受取りません。もちろん福島でも聞いた、火事場(避難)泥棒もありますが。 If "we" do not kill "them"、this gloomy world never end.
The name of its detective story is "Ｈan-chichi Torimono Chou 半七捕物帳". I also have a few Sherlock Holmes(you know？・lol). Ｏf course、Japanese (I think that there was also a novel of the original text in an electronic dictionary). And of course it because I like Sherlock Holmes.
ときたまのりたま2011.1.2-2011.3.10 / 福島旅行記 / 浄土平から蓬莱山まで
あとがき / 二十世紀末の闇と光 / 日本発狂
